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Roth Conversion Calculator

Determine if converting Traditional to Roth makes sense based on your tax rates.

Amount to convert

From Traditional IRA/401(k)

Pay conversion tax from

Current marginal tax rate

Federal + state combined

Expected retirement tax rate

Your best estimate

Years until retirement

years

Expected annual return

Roth Conversion

A Roth conversion moves money from a Traditional IRA or 401(k) to a Roth IRA. You pay income tax on the converted amount now, but all future growth and withdrawals are tax-free. The key question: will you save more by paying taxes now or later?

Good Times to Convert

✓ Low-income years (job loss, career break)
✓ Early retirement before Social Security
✓ Market downturns (convert more shares)
✓ Years with large deductions
✓ When you expect higher taxes later

How to Use

1. Enter the amount you want to convert
2. Enter your current marginal tax rate
3. Estimate your retirement tax rate
4. Choose how you'll pay the conversion tax
5. Compare outcomes to make your decision

FAQ

Is there an income limit for conversions?

No! Unlike Roth IRA contributions, there's no income limit for Roth conversions. This is the "backdoor Roth" strategy for high earners.

Can I undo a conversion?

No, since 2018 Roth conversions are irrevocable. You cannot "recharacterize" back to Traditional, so plan carefully.

What's the 5-year rule?

Each conversion has its own 5-year clock. Withdrawing converted amounts (not earnings) before 5 years or age 59½ may incur a 10% penalty.

Calculator Limitations

• Assumes constant tax rates and returns
• Does not account for state taxes
• Does not consider RMD impacts
• Does not model Medicare premium impacts
• Consult a tax advisor for your situation

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